James - Matthew 20:20-28

LESSON NOTES AND QUESTIONS

Summary: In this passage, Jesus responds to a request from the mother of James and John, who seeks prominent positions for her sons in Jesus' future kingdom. Jesus uses this moment to teach about true greatness in the kingdom, which is defined not by power but by servanthood and humility. True greatness in the kingdom of God is found in humble service to others, reflecting the heart of Christ, who came to serve rather than to be served.

Application: This passage challenges us to evaluate our own desires for recognition and status. It reminds Christians that true leadership stems from serving others, encouraging us to embrace humility in our daily interactions and prioritize the needs of others over our own ambitions.

Background on Disciple: James, one of the sons of thunder or sons of Zebedee, is almost always mentioned together with his younger brother John (except in Acts, where his martyrdom is explained) and Peter, placing him within the inner circle. James and John are likely from a wealthy family— their father, Zebedee, had a fishing business large enough to employ hired servants. It's also possible that Zebedee was a Levite, which might explain why the brothers asked Jesus the question they did. James was first in one thing: being martyred. James was a passionate and fervent man with zeal and ambition.

1. Pursuing Position or Purpose

Matthew 20:20-23

The mother of James and John approached Jesus, bowed respectfully, and asked that her sons might receive places of honor in His kingdom—one at His right hand and the other at His left. (Mark 10:35 indicates that it was not the mother, but James and John themselves who came to Jesus with this request). It’s likely that their mother was acting on behalf of her sons, possibly hoping that family ties would help their cause, as she may have been Jesus' aunt. In a royal court, the one who sits at the right hand is the highest assigned position, and at the left, the next highest.

Jesus didn’t deny the reality of His future kingdom, but He redirected His response to James and John (using "you" in the plural), indicating that they likely encouraged their mother to bring up the request. Jesus referred to "the cup," a common Jewish metaphor for divine judgment against sin, and asked if they could endure the suffering He was about to experience. Confidently, they replied, "We can." Jesus affirmed that they would indeed face suffering similar to His own. James, who sought a crown of glory, would eventually face martyrdom, while John would endure persecution. This passage challenges us to reflect on the cost of true leadership, which involves embracing humility over ambition.

QUESTION:

• When does honorable ambition become dishonorable? When have you allowed ambition to distract you from following Christ?

2. Power Redefined by Service

Matthew 20:24-27

The other disciples reacted with jealousy and became indignant, likely because they hadn't thought to ask the same question. Jesus, sensing the tension, gathered the 12 together and reminded them of key principles. He contrasted the Gentile rulers' authoritative style with His radical call to servanthood. Jesus emphasized that greatness does not come from ruling or exercising authority but from serving others. This calls us to reconsider how we exert influence, encouraging a shift toward humble and compassionate leadership as exemplified by Jesus.

QUESTION:

• How can jealousy and pride destroy the unity of a group? What is one specific way you could build unity among your circle of Christian friends this week?

3. Patterned After Christ’s Sacrifice

Matthew 20:28

Finally, Jesus declares His mission to serve and give His life as a ransom for many. This profound revelation is the pinnacle of Christ-like humility. Jesus, the King of kings, became the ultimate servant, challenging believers to mirror this selfless attitude. His death was not just an event but the ultimate atonement for sin, paying the price for the redemption of many.

QUESTION:

• What opportunities do you have to serve others as Christ taught?